PAPER
“MORPHOLOGY”
ARRANGED BY:
·
ZULHIJAH
·
NOVI YUNIARSI
ADVANCED
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TERAINING AND EDUCATION (STKIP) PARACENDEKIA NW SUMBAWA
ACADEMIC YEARS
2016/2017
PREFACE
Praise
and Gratitude we prayed to the Presence of The Almighty God, for his mercy and
grace so that we can sort this paper well and on time. In this paper we discuss
about “Word
Formation Processes of Morphology”
This paper is made with
a variety of observations and some assistance from various parties to help
resolve the challenges and obstacles during work on this paper. Therefore, we
would like to thank profusely to all those who have helped in preparing this
paper especially for our lecture “Irfan
Hamonangan Tariboran, S.S., M.Hum”. We realize that there are still many
fundamental flaws in this paper. Therefore we invite readers to give
suggestions and criticisms which we can build. Constructive criticism from
readers so we expect to enhance the next paper. Final word I hope this paper
can provide benefit for us all.
Sumbawa,
December 10th, 2016
|
writer,
|
TABLE
OF CONTENT
COVER
PREFACE
CHAPTER
I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the study....................................................................... 1
B. Research question.................................................................................. 2
C. Objective of the research....................................................................... 3
CHAPTER
II DISCUSSION
A. Definition of morphology...................................................................... 4
B. Free and bound morpheme.................................................................... 5
C. Derivational morphology...................................................................... 6
D. Inflectional morphology........................................................................ 6
CHAPTER
III CLOSING
A. Conclusion ............................................................................................ 8
B. Suggestion ............................................................................................ 8
REFERENCE
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Linguistic has
related to the people because it studies about language, it means that
linguistic focuses on language about how the language is formed, meaning and
context. This study just focuses on structure or grammar of language especially
in morphology aspect. “The first subfield of linguistics is the study of
language structure, or grammar. This focuses
on the system of rules followed by the users of a language. It includes the
study of morphology (the
formation and composition of words), syntax (the
formation and composition of phrases and sentences from these words), and
phonology (sound
systems)” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics.
People must understand
structure of language and can use it as well as possible; language is needed by
people so far they need to interaction with each other. Therefore, we must
understand it. People not only understand but also how the way uses a good
language to commutate each other. As we see today, communication is needed by all people because first tool of
interaction is language. Wedrana Mihalicek et al (2011: 7) said “when you
use language, you use it to communicate an idea from your mind to the mind of
some else”.
Human life in
the world need to interaction with the other people to cover our need. In
addition, we cannot life as individual in this world and we must make
interaction and communication each other. In their interaction and communication,
we must use tool to understand what we want. Language as a toll of
communication so if we understand and be able to use it as well as we can
interact and communicate with each other but if we do not understand and cannot
use it as well as possible, we cannot
interact and communicate with them.
As we know in
our interaction, language as tool of communication to express our need like
thoughts and feeling and this fact like A.S Hornby (1995: 662) said “language
is system of sounds and words used by human to express their thoughts and
feeling“. Therefore, we must learn language to understand people’s thoughts
and feeling and to understand and use language we must understand the pattern
because language has some of pattern to construct it sentence, phrase and word,
like how to mike like become dislike. English is one of popular language in
this era and English has some of pattern to construct it word, phrase and
sentences.
One of the patterns
in English about how a word has same meaning because of addition of some
of Alphabets in beginning or ending of word. This
pattern called morphology in English. Morphology in English language has
different processes and some of them make new meaning and part of speech.
B. Research Question
1.
What is the
definition of Morphology?
2.
How are the
forms of free and bound morphemes?
- What is derivational morphology?
- What is inflectional morphology?
C. Objective of the
Research
The objectives
of this research based on research problem above are:
1.
To know the definition
of Language and Morphology.
2.
To know the
forms of free and bound morphemes.
3.
To know the
derivational morphology.
4.
To know the
inflectional morphology.
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Definition of Morphology
1.
Morphology
A word
Morphology is from Greece “morphe “that has meaning “forms”.
It means the morphology is a science of language that focuses on language and
how that language special word formed. Like we see the world
“drive” becomes “driver” in here morphology focuses and concentrate.
Geert (2005: 7)
Said, “In present-day linguistics, the term ‘morphology’ refers to the study
of the internal structure of words, and of the systematic form–meaning
correspondences between words.” The example above is explains about
morphology specially in forming word because it to form new
word. Morphology and syntax study how the word construct but morphology
study about the word.
Morphology is
study about a word and how the word formed, as if the example above the word
“drive” and “er” are called
This simple way to analyze morphology:
a.
In adjectives
Smaller
2 morphs small/er
Smallest
2 morphs small/est
Better
1 morph better
b.
In verbs
Worked
2 morphs work/ed
Wrote
1 morph wrote
Written
1. Morph written
Working
2 morph work/ing
Put
1 morph put
c.
In Gerund
Sittings
3 morphs sit/ing/s
d.
In Pronouns
We
1 morph we
Him
1 morph him
B. Free and Bound
Morphemes
Morphemes are a combination of sounds that have a
meaning. A morpheme does not necessarily have to be a word. Example:
The word cat has two morphemes. Cat is a morpheme, and s is a
morpheme. Every morpheme is either a base or an affix. An affix can
be either a prefix or a suffix. Cat is the base morpheme, and s
is a suffix. Therefore, a process in here is called
morphology. Laurel J. Brinton (2002.59-60).
1.
Free morpheme: a morpheme that can stand alone as
a word without another morpheme. It does not need anything attached to it
to make a word. Cat is a free morpheme.
Examples: work, game, eat etc.
2.
Bound morpheme: a sound or a combination of sounds
that cannot stand alone as a word. The s in cats is a bound
morpheme, and it does not have any meaning without the free morpheme cat.
Examples: worked, games, eating etc.
C.
Derivational
morphology
Derivational morpheme is type of morpheme changes the
meaning of the word or the part of speech or both. Derivational morphemes
often create new words. Example: the prefix and derivational
morpheme un added to invited changes the meaning of the word.
Examples:
dislike, uncountable, review, irregular etc.
D.
Inflectional
morphology
Inflectional morpheme is morpheme can only be a
suffix. The s in cats is an inflectional morpheme. An inflectional
morpheme creates a change in the function of the word.
Example: the d in invited
indica`tes past tense. English has only seven inflectional morphemes: -s
(plural) and -s (possessive) are noun inflections; -s (
3rd-person singular), -ed ( past tense), -en (past participle),
and -ing ( present participle) are verb inflections; -er (comparative)
and -est (superlative) are adjective and adverb inflections.
CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A.
Conclusion
Morphology is
one aspect in linguistic specially studies about a word and linguistic studies
about language, to make a good language we must study about morphology because
morphology is one of basics thing in linguistic. Morphology is very important
for every people, because if we understand morphology, we will easy to make new
word.
Language is
very important for people because language is the best tool to communicate with
other people. People can communicate with the other people by using picture,
honking a horn on a car, screaming, gesture, wordlessly at the top of your
lings, or using semaphore flags
If we
understand morphology, we will be easy to make new word. There are five
in morphology such as affixes, compounding, reduplication, alternation and supple
ion. All these process has different ways to make new word.
B.
Suggestion
1.
If we want to
study linguistic, we must understand the basic one like morphology.
2.
Language is
tool of communication.
3.
We must use a
good language so that our communication better and can be understood by the
other people.
4.
We must
understand the five process of morphology to make new word.
REFERENCE
Agus mortoyo et al 2012. Actual Bahasa Inggris. Gema Aksara Mnahan Solo
Booij, Geert. 2005. The Grammar of
Words: An Introduction to Linguistic Morphology. Oxford University Press.
Hornby, As. 1995. Oxford Adgvanced
Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Fifth Edition: Oxford Univercity
Press.
Malmkjaer,
Kirsten. 2002. The Linguistics Encyclopedia: 2nd edition.
London and New York: Routledge.
Laurel J. Brinton.2002. The Structure
of Modern English. John Benjamins Publishing Company
Wedrana, Mihalicek et al. 2011.Language
files, Material for an introduction to Language and Linguistics. Eleventh
Edition. The Ohio State University Press
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics (access
on Tuesday, December 6th , 2016)
http://languagedevelopment.tripod.com/id2.html (access
on Tuesday, December 6th , 2016)
http://belajarbahasabule.blogspot.com/2010/10/morphology.html
(access on Tuesday, December 6th , 2016)
Tuesday, December
6th , 2016)
Tuesday, December
6th , 2016)
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